We've all heard it before! We've heard from various sources that modern large scale farmed produce is usually covered in herbicides and pesticides. We've also heard the other side of the argument; that small amounts of residue in herbicides and pesticides are safe for consumption. While the other side argues that small amounts of these chemicals in foods, three times per day, seven days per week, four weeks per year, etc etc can compound into some pretty serious issues that can worsen with extended exposure. This can sometimes lead to feeling overwhelmed at the grocery store, especially when one is trying to be healthy or to mitigate the effects of a body experiencing toxic overload or a chronic illness. Our bodies have an amazing ability to self clean and self regulate with our various channels of elimination and with help from our liver and lymphatic system can often times mitigate some of the effects from environmental toxin exposure. However, if we can lessen our exposure to herbicides and pesticides, we can give our body an even better chance to do what it does naturally...to heal. That being said, it is often easiest to make smart choices when we have a smart and easy guide to follow. The following guide is a listing of the most heavily sprayed fruits and vegetables (The Dirty Dozen), and the least heavily sprayed fruits and vegetables (The Clean Fifteen). With this knowledge, we can then decide on what we might buy organically or what we might feel comfortable purchasing from corporate farms, the choice is yours entirely, but with this easy guide you can make a more informed decision. I hope you enjoy this complimentary print out and take it with you grocery shopping! -Petra Sovcov, Medical Herbalist
Its very nearly May. Waking up this morning, despite the clouds, there was a soft warmth in the air, the birds were singing, and both herbs and vegetables are popping up in all of my garden beds. This is also a time that the air is fragrant with the scent of lemon balm as the plant's volatile oils begin to warm up with the morning sunshine. Lemon balm holds a long history in herbal tradition. It is a beautiful springtime plant that stretches its blooms into summer. It has been extremely popular in both kitchen and medicinal gardens since the early middle ages (and earlier). Lemon balm holds great importance in European domestic medicine as a drinkable spirit or basic nervous system sedative. The genus Melissa is widely diffused, having representatives in Europe, middle Asia, and North America. The name is from the Greek word signifying ‘Bee’, indicative of the attraction the flowers have for those insects, on account of the honey they produce. The word Balm is an abbreviation of Balsam, the chief of sweet-smelling oils. It is called this due to its honeyed sweetness. It was highly esteemed in ancient times by Paracelsus, who believed it would completely cure any ailment. I hope you enjoy this bit of information about this very common but exceptionally powerful herbal ally. In the following you will find gathered information about its common uses, its actions, constituents, pharmacy, historical and traditional usage, contraindications and warnings, clinical studies, and its usage in both aromatherapy and as a hydrosol. As with any form of herbal medicine, the below information is not meant to replace medical advice or prescriptions from your Medical Doctor. All information below is based off of Materia Medica texts and comes from published and historical sources. References have been included at the end of the article. Family: Labiatae Parts Used: Leaves and Flowers/ All aerial parts Other Common Names: Balm, Balm Mint, Bee Balm, Blue Balm, Garden Balm, Sweet Balm, Cure-all, Dropsy Plant Actions: Anxiolytic (no formal studies done) Antihistamine Carminative Cooling Anti-viral (topical) Antimicrobial Sedative Anti-stress Hepatic Calming Anti-flatulent Trophorestorative Diaphoretic Febrifuge Mild vasodilator Antispasmodic Nerve relaxant Anti-depressant Heart-sedating effect Anti-bacterial (myco-bacterium phlei and streptococcus haemolytica) Chemical Constituents:
What are its uses?Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose, and Throat:
Integumentary System (Skin):
Nervous System/Mental Health:
Respiratory System:
Digestive System:
Endocrine System (Hormones):
Cardiovascular System:
Reproductive System:
Specific Diseases/States/Infections/Viruses/Bacteria:
Combinations:
PharmacyMax Daily Dose: 1:2 @45% Liquid Extract - 3 to 6ml Max Weekly Dose: 1:2 @45% Liquid Extract – 20 to 40ml Applications: Infusion:
Best as a fresh tincture made in the spring when the plant is still tender and before it blooms.
Clinical Studies
Safety Concerns/Contraindications
References
People stocking up on food, medication and household supplies has been ongoing in the Lower Mainland for more than two weeks.
Undoubtedly, the stores’ shelves started emptying as a result of Canada’s Health Minister advice to get prepared for a potential COVID-19 crisis, which might require self-isolation in cases of illness, despite the announced “relatively low risk of contracting the disease in Canada”. Nevertheless, it appears that the initial frantic buying is maintained (and possibly fueled) by a psychological phenomenon called informational social influence; namely, other people’s behavior leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior. We conform the most when situations are ambiguous (ex. Experts cannot predict to what extent and where the coronavirus would spread) and when we find ourselves in a crisis – getting panicky prevents us from thinking rationally, while we naturally look at how others are responding (ex. If everyone is filling their carts with toilet paper that would last them for a year we should do the same). In a time of globalization when people can reach the other end of the world within a day, mass media is even faster and more accessible than ever. So even if you missed the Health Minister’s advice to stock up on supplies, it is very likely that within minutes someone that you follow on social media posted about it and thus informed you about the danger of the coronavirus. Being exposed to similar news feeds by different (not necessarily objective) sources over a continuous period of time contributes to our perceived inability to cope with our negative feelings and beliefs – in other words stress. The body’s immediate response to stress is to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine along with activating the so called HPA axis, which eventually leads to an elevated cortisol (i.e. stress hormone) in the bloodstream. On a physical level the experience of stress might include increased heartbeat, headaches and migraines, nausea, muscle pain, indigestion, and weakened immune system – the irony then being that the more we stress about the outbreak, the more susceptible our bodies become to the coronavirus (or any other virus for that matter). In addition, the physical symptoms of stress tend to be accompanied by behavioral symptoms such as unhealthy eating and/or substance use, changes in the sleeping patterns and social withdrawal to mention a few; and by emotional symptoms that range from inability to focus and increased irritability, to mood instability and anxiety. I originally wrote this article on March 11th – the day when the World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 is now officially a global pandemic. As I am editing on March 17th, BC declared public health emergency in view of the 83 new COVID-19 cases (out of 186 total) in the province, while BC Education Minister announced that K-12 classes have been postponed indefinitely. Given the exponential spread of the novel coronavirus many worry that the tragedy currently experienced by thousands of Italian families could come our way, while others start expressing concerns about having to care for their children and pay bills in a climate of job insecurity, or about a potential economic crisis. I get it – it’s scary! And just like all the frantic shoppers, parents, people with elderly relatives, owners of closed down businesses, laid off employees and of course like all humans out there I worry too. First of all, let me remind you that fear is one of the six universal emotions, and is normal to experience it in a situation of emergency; in fact, the role of fear is to prompt our fight or flight response in order to help us survive. Since fleeing is definitely not an option, I’d like to share with you some strategies that might help you fight for your wellbeing – in other words cope with the spread of the novel coronavirus and its consequences on your lives. When we feel distressed because what’s happening is out of our control, radical acceptance might be a healthier path to take in order to experience less fear, anxiety, sadness or anger. One useful therapeutic tool to keep in mind is the acronym A.C.C.E.P.T.S. A stands for activities that we could engage in to keep our focus on what we enjoy (ex. hobbies, postponed projects, working out at home). Contributing to someone or something other than ourselves could be beneficial in that it gives us a sense of purpose when all seems uncertain. I find it inspiring to see people unifying as a result of this pandemic, and I’ve recently witnessed some great contributing examples like someone getting the groceries for an elderly neighbor. The second C stands for comparisons; although it might seem counter-intuitive we could compare our circumstances to those that are worse (ex. there are 31 506 confirmed cases in Italy, which has a territory twice smaller than that of BC). E is for emotions – simply put, do something that would elicit the opposite emotion of what you’re feeling. Pushing away our concerns and negative beliefs can be therapeutic when we get them out of our minds – like writing them down on a piece of paper and then throwing it away (as a symbolic freeing of our burden). On the other hand, when our emotions take over, we can try to focus on our Thoughts. If you notice that you become anxious when reading social media posts related to COVID-19, you could instead identify a trusted source like BC Centre for Disease Control, where you can get answers to some of your questions (ex. “How can I protect myself and my family”). Finally, engaging each of our Senses could help us distract ourselves from negative thoughts and emotions. Think of this as a great excuse to enjoy a scenic view (i.e. vision), listen to music that you like (i.e. hearing), get a massage (i.e. touch), treat yourself something you’ve been craving for (i.e. taste), and smell the blooming magnolia flowers or diffuse your favorite essential oils, which might have anti-viral and relaxing properties to contribute further to your wellbeing. Last but not least, I encourage you to engage in deep breathing and I’d like to remind you that even if you can’t solve the pandemic you can talk about your concerns with your friends, family or therapist, so that you can calm your mind and lessen the power of fear. Take care, Bobbie Miteva, MA, RTC REFERENCES: Aronson, E. et all (2007). Social Psychology. Toronto: Pearson (3rd ed.). Carlson, N. et all (2005). Psychology: The Science of Behavior. Toronto: Pearson (2nd ed.). Dozois, D. (2015). Abnormal Psychology Perspectives: DSM-5 Update. Toronto: Pearson (5th ed.). https://www.apa.org/news/apa/2020/02/coronavirus-threat http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/coronavirus-(novel) https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/coronavirus-covid-19-bc-schools-1.5500453 https://globalnews.ca/news/6660863/who-coronavirus-pandemic/ https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/think-about-coronavirus-outbreak-when-planning-for-spring-break-champagne https://youtu.be/XnhxjYCVHp8https://youtu.be/XnhxjYCVHp8 We've all seen the hype! Frantic families darting for the last case of water, civilized people fighting over the last flat of toilet paper, or disinfectant wipes, or face masks. We shake our heads when we see it on the news, but even if we are not actively participating in the pandemic of fear, we are all concerned about the possibility of uncertainty. As part of our mission statement at Healing House Natural Wellness, we state that as professionals it is of great importance for us to supply information based on facts, science, and tradition. The following information is to assist in disarming fear, and to empower each individual to make informed decisions based off of information offered by the CDC, The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), and The World Health Organization (WHO). Additionally, you will find information on herbs traditionally used for acute viral and upper respiratory infections, and also those used in traditionally building the immune system along with supplements and dietary recommendations for boosting your state of general wellness. The Facts: What We KnowThe following statistical information is up to date as of March 24th, and has been taken directly from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) Website, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Current Situation in BC: There are currently 472 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in British Columbia, and there has been 13 deaths associated with these infections. Risks to Canadians: COVID-19 is a serious health threat, and the situation is evolving daily. The risk will vary between and within communities, but given the increasing number of cases in Canada, the risk to Canadians is now considered high. This does not mean that all Canadians will get the disease. It means that there is already a significant impact on our health care system. If we do not flatten the epidemic curve now, the increase of COVID-19 cases could impact health care resources available to Canadians. There is an increased risk of more severe outcomes for Canadians:
It is important for all travellers to:
Do you think you might have COVID-19? Use the self-assessment tool to find out what to do. How Canada is Monitoring COVID-19 The Public Health Agency of Canada is working with provinces, territories and international partners, including the World Health Organization, to actively monitor the situation. Global efforts are focused on containment of the outbreak and the prevention of further spread. Canada's Chief Public Health Officer of Canada is in close contact with provincial and territorial Chief Medical Officers of Health to ensure that any cases of COVID-19 occurring in Canada continue to be rapidly identified and managed in order to protect the health of Canadians. Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory is performing diagnostic testing for the virus that causes COVID-19. The laboratory is working in close collaboration with provincial and territorial public health laboratories, which are now able to test for COVID-19. A summary of people tested in Canada is available and updated each week day. How COVID-19 Spreads:The Viral Source: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. Some cause illness in people, and others, such as canine and feline coronaviruses, only infect animals. Rarely, animal coronaviruses that infect animals have emerged to infect people and can spread between people. This is suspected to have occurred for the virus that causes COVID-19. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are two other examples of coronaviruses that originated from animals and then spread to people. How Does the Virus Spread? This virus was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The first infections were linked to a live animal market, but the virus is now spreading from person-to-person. It’s important to note that person-to-person spread can happen on a continuum. Some viruses are highly contagious (like measles), while other viruses are less so. The virus that causes COVID-19 seems to be spreading easily and sustainably in the community (“community spread”) in some affected geographic areas. Community spread means people have been infected with the virus in an area, including some who are not sure how or where they became infected. The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person.
Currently there is no evidence to support transmission of COVID-19 associated with food. Before preparing or eating food it is important to always wash your hands with soap and water for 20 seconds for general food safety. Throughout the day wash your hands after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing, or going to the bathroom. In general, because of poor survivability of these coronaviruses on surfaces, there is likely very low risk of spread from food products or packaging that are shipped over a period of days or weeks at ambient, refrigerated, or frozen temperatures. References: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Government of Canada/PHAC World Health Organization Herbs for Immunity, Acute Viral Infection, and Upper Respiratory Infection:As each individual is different, please do not consider this article as commentary for self dosing. Some herbs are inappropriate with certain medications and should not be taken. If you have questions about herbs, please contact us at the office directly, or contact your Medical Doctor or Pharmacist to discuss potential contraindications. If you feel you may have Covid-19 or are experiencing symptoms associated with the disease, please contact your local health department for proper diagnosis. As a clinical herbalist, I am grateful for the knowledge I have in times such as these. That is not to say that I claim to have the answers to Covid-19, however, there are a large number of herbs that are traditionally used to help ease the length of viral infections, to assist in bolstering immunity and lessen severity, and to help the upper respiratory tract during times of acute infection. Below I have mentioned some of the more specific ones that in my opinion may be useful in acute infection. Traditional Herbs for Immunity, Acute Viral and Upper Respiratory InfectionBaptisia tinctoria (Wild Indigo Root):
Wild indigo has a long standing tradition as quite a powerful anti-microbial herb. Although it is not specifically considered to be anti-viral, it is excellent for secondary infections associated with viral infections. It is considered to be an immune stimulant, meaning it stimulates the immune system to work at its best capacity. It is antiseptic, anti-microbial, and an active anti-catarrhal which means it helps to dissolve and eliminate the formation of mucous and inflammation in the mucous membrane. It is specific in infections with fever, and specific as an herb that is excellent for issues with pneumonia. Echinacea angustifolia or purpurea (Echinacea Root): We have often heard of Echinacea being used as an immune booster. However, it does not boost the immune system in the manner we think it does. Unlike other herbs which physically act upon the immune system by helping it function more properly, it is said that Echinacea instead alters the environment in which a microbial infection may thrive. In saying this, it is considered to be an immuno-modulator, it helps to move lymph which is exceedingly important in ensuring that all channels of elimination are open. It is considered to be antiseptic, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral, this is excellent because it can help with both primary viral infection, and secondary bacterial infection which can often occur. Like Wild Indigo it is also an anti-catarrhal, but to further the combination it is anti-inflammatory, and a detoxifying agent. It is traditionally used to help build resistance within the immune system and is specific for infections with cough. Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw Vine): This herb is native to the Amazon rain forest. The part that is used is the interior bark of the plant. It is a potent full body tonic, but most importantly it is traditionally used as a restorative, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory. It helps to bolster a weak immune system in individuals who have a tendency to infections. Often used for its anti-tumor qualities (traditionally it is used to cut off the blood supply to tumours), this herb is also excellent in viral infections associated with the lungs, or swellings/fluids in the lungs. Bupleurum falcatum (Chinese Thorowax): There has been research done in China in regard to this herb and Covid-19. Though there have been no solid clinical trials, there have now been a few case studies done from Traditional Chinese Medical Doctors who have used this herb in formulation with others. Thorowax is used both in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and also Western Clinical Herbalism. It is traditionally used as a general tonic and immune enhancer, and for its anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also considered to be specific in colds and flus and has a tonic effect on the heart and lungs. Most importantly it is used traditionally to improve respiration (breathing). Lomatium dissectum (Desert Parsley): Desert parsley is considered to be a full systemic tonic and an immune stimulant. It is also used traditionally for its anti-microbial, anti-viral, and expectorant capabilities. As Covid often has a dry cough, having herbs that help move mucus and decrease inflammation in the mucosal membrane is key. This herb is a powerful ally and is traditionally used for congestion in the lungs, including asthma and specifically pneumonia. The above are just a sample of the many herbs that can be helpful in situations with acute upper respiratory viral infections. If you have questions or would like to discuss herbal options for your specific needs, please feel free to call the office at 778-866-3320. The best course of action is prevention. Please continue social isolation in your respective communities, stay home, and stay healthy! - Petra Sovcov, Clinical Herbal Practitioner As seen in Home Herbalist Magazine, Fall 2020 - By Clinical Herbal Therapist, Petra Sovcov As the changing of the season comes, temperatures shift again, days get longer, and the flu and cold season often hits its pique. For many, this is the time of year that families struggle with the flu, coughs, and colds, as with school and spring break travel children are more readily exposed to a variety of pathogens. This can pose a challenge, as various “bugs” are brought home and lovingly shared with family members. In this month’s article, we will talk about the immune system and break down some of its more important parts. We will briefly discuss the lymphatic system, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, the difference between the two, and discuss the immune response. We will also discuss the spleen and its importance to overall health. Additionally, we will talk about a few helpful herbs for supporting children’s immune systems, along with supplement and dietary/lifestyle suggestions that can be implemented quickly. As with most of what I write in this article, I will not be implementing a full herbal protocol or complete “how to,” as everyone is different and has their own needs. If you feel you would like to implement herbal remedies or have questions, please reach out to a clinical/medical herbalist in your area, or you may reach out to me with any healinghouseherbal@gmail.com Before we begin: I am not a Medical Doctor, nor are any of the suggestions or recommendations I am about to make meant to be a substitute for advice from your MD, or as a substitute for any prescriptions you may be taking. Any suggestions followed will be the responsibility of the reader and are stated with the intention of interest and education only. If you have a health issue, please see your primary care physician first and foremost. When we speak about immunity, we often think of the fundamentals, such as killer t-cells, antibodies, and the immune response in general. However, in my opinion, we cannot start a discussion about immunity before we understand the basics of the lymphatic system.
When using skeletal muscles (such as the calves in our lower legs) there is a pump action that takes places. The skeletal muscle contractions compress lymphatic vessels (as well as veins) and forces lymph towards the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. Secondly, regarding our respiratory system, the “respiratory pump” action is maintained by pressure changes that occur during inhalation (breathing in). Lymph flows from the abdominal region, where the pressure is higher, toward the thoracic region where it is lower. When the pressures reverse during exhalation (breathing out), the valves in lymphatic vessels prevent backflow of lymph. Therefore, keeping active and mobile is so important for general health. A child (or adult) who is sedentary may have more challenges during cold and flu season than one who is actively playing, exercising, and going outdoors. The lymphatic system consists of a fluid called lymph (no surprise there). Throughout the system there are vessels called lymphatic vessels that transport lymph to structures and organs containing lymphatic tissues. It also assists in circulating body fluids and helps defend the body against disease-causing pathogens. The lymphatic system has three primary functions:
contrast, red pulp consists of blood-filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue. Within the red pulp, the spleen performs two important immune functions:
Knowing this, when we think about the lymphatic system and immunity in children, there are a few things we may want to consider. First, as mentioned above, making certain that a child is active: that they have time to play and move their bodies (thus moving lymph). Second, being certain that they have a diet rich in nutritious foods so that the lymphatic system can move those wonderful lipid soluble vitamins to places they need to be. And last, when needed, they are given additional support. In this case, since we are talking about herbs, we would want herbs that help gently move lymph and support the liver and spleen, herbs that are adaptogenic, immune-stimulating or immunomodulating. If an illness becomes present, perhaps the use of more specific herbs that can act as anti-microbials, anti-bacterials, or anti-virals may be used. We will visit these herbs later in the article. General Immunity When speaking about the immune system, it is important to know that there are two types of immunity: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. These are both complex systems with multiple lines of defense. There is an entire study dedicated to this called immunology whereby scientists study the immune system and its various workings and reactions to pathogens. To give a full explanation of how these functions work would span a complete book, however, I will do my best to capture it in a brief summary. Innate Immunity Can be considered a nonspecific type of immunity. It is what we naturally possess to protect us from the outside world. Innate immunity includes the external physical and chemical barriers provided by the skin and our mucous membranes (consider the eyes, nose, ears, and mouth). Additionally, innate immunity includes various internal defenses such as antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, and the body’s natural reactions such as inflammation and fever. Our first line of defense in our innate immunity is our skin and mucous membranes. These provide a physical barrier that actively discourage pathogens and foreign substances from penetrating into our body where they could cause disease. Our skin is made up of many, many layers of closely packed keratinized cells, the outer layer of this is known as the epidermis which provides a sealed barrier against the outside world. Bacteria rarely penetrate the intact surface of a healthy epidermis. In comparing this to our other first line of defense, our mucous membranes create a fluid called mucous (again, think of your nose, eyes, ears, and throat/airways). Because mucous is slightly viscous (slimy), it traps many microbes and foreign substances. The mucous membrane of the nose and upper respiratory tract has microscopic mucous coated hairs that trap and filter microbes, dust, and pollutants from inhaled air. These microscopic hairs are called cilia. The cilia produce a waving action which propels inhaled dust and microbes trapped in mucous towards the throat. Coughing and sneezing accelerates this movement and expels the trapped microbes out of the body, or in cases where the mucous is swallowed, the pathogens are sent to the stomach where gastric juices destroy them. Our second line of defense in innate immunity is internal: antimicrobial substances that discourage growth such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation and fevers (as mentioned above). There are four types of antimicrobial substances in innate immunity:
A natural killer cell (NK cell or just NK) is a type of white blood cell. NK cells are present all over the body but also in the spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. Unlike other white blood cells, the NK cells can kill a wide variety of infected body cells and certain tumour cells. They generally attack any body cells that display abnormal or unusual plasma membrane proteins. A phagocyte (as we briefly mentioned above) is a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles. Adaptive Immunity – This is where things get interesting, and very specific. The name itself really offers a clue as to how this type of immunity works; it adapts to how the body needs to react and to the various types of pathogens it comes across. More amazingly, it remembers how it reacted to a type of pathogen, which is why after catching a type of flu, often we do not catch it again until the next viral mutation comes along to impact our immune system. Adaptive immunity is described as the ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents such as bacteria, toxins, viruses, and foreign tissues. This is known as adaptive, or specific immunity. Two properties distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity:
Now that we have a basic understanding of this very complicated system, we can better understand what types of herbal actions we might take to help the immune system. However, since we are talking about children, we need to take care regarding some of our herb choices, specifically concerning the dosage. Children under the age of 12 will not be offered an adult dose of herbs, so please consider this before choosing specific herbs for your children or consult someone who understands how dosage works (A clinical herbal therapist would be perfect for this). Some Helpful Herbs for Immune Support in Children: Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) – This herb is considered an adaptogen, and is also considered to be antioxidant, immunostimulant, immunomodulator, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, circulatory stimulant, cardiotonic, and increases vitality and energy levels. It is supportive of the immune system, spleen, and liver, and improves immune resistance. It is often used in viral infections and feelings of fatigue. A few things to consider, it should not be used in cases where immuno-suppressive drugs are being used, and it is not considered appropriate in cases where acute infection and high fever may be present. Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea or angustifolia) – Traditionally used in snake bites and cases of blood sepsis. Today, echinacea is sold as an immune enhancer. In my opinion this is not an accurate depiction of this herb, however, it does not make it any less potent in assisting the immune system. echinacea is a general tonic and immune stimulant; it is lymphatic, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and some consider it to have a slight antibiotic activity. Additionally, it is considered to be anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and to have detoxifying properties. echinacea works not necessarily by attacking the pathogen, but rather, by helping the body to make internal adjustments to change the environment where the pathogen may thrive, thus making it difficult to complete its life cycle. Like astragalus, it is not appropriate where immune-suppressive drugs are being taken, or in cases of some autoimmune conditions. Cleavers (Galium aparine) – This is a beautiful and gentle lymphatic herb. It is considered to be tonic and somewhat adaptogenic. It is also anti-inflammatory, astringent, and detoxifying. I often use this herb for clients who want to gently detox or keep their lymphatic system healthy without the more aggressive actions of some of the stronger lymphatics that are available to us. There are no known contraindications with this herb, and I could not locate any reported drug interactions. Elder Berry (Sambucus nigra) – Using either the beautiful berries or the flowers, European black elder is, in my opinion, a must have for a children’s herbal medicine cabinet. It can be taken as a tea (the flower) or even as a syrup (the berries). It is considered a gentle immune supporter, anti-inflammatory, alterative, and antiseptic. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) – This beautiful flower packs a punch. Often used as a nervous system tonic and sedative, it is also antiseptic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, digestive, carminative, and antispasmodic. For the immune system, it can be used in the presence of infections and for colds and flus, chest infections, and cough. It can also be used in cases of sinus infection and loss of voice. Its quite broad in its uses and is considered a food-based herb. Sage (Salvia officinalis) – Another versatile food-based herb, sage is considered to be tonic, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, astringent, expectorant, circulatory stimulant, digestive, carminative, and antispasmodic. It can be used in a variety of situations with children. For acute infections it can be very helpful and can be used for most colds, flus, and coughs. A few important things to take into consideration, sage should not be given to someone with epilepsy, hematuria, or high blood pressure. Additionally, it is not an herb that should be taken at high doses or for long extended periods of time due to the presence of thujone. Also, it should not be taken if someone is on anti-convulsant drugs, sedatives, or on anti-diabetic meds. Tasty Immune Supporting Children’s Tea: Rosehips 20g Lavender 15g Elder Flower 20g Blessed Thistle 15g Licorice Root 15g Cleavers 15g 100grams total (In children’s doses, enough to last through cold and flu season) To prepare: - For children under the age of 12, use ¾ teaspoon to 1 cup boiling water, steep for 5 minutes covered, strain and drink one to two cups daily. - For children under the age of 10, use ½ teaspoon to 1 cup boiling water. - For children under the age of 5, use ¼ teaspoon to 1 cup boiling water. - For children under the age of three, consult a practitioner. Suggested Supplements: Since I do not feel that supplements are always appropriate for children, there is only one type I would suggest. Due to foods being depleted from depleted soils, my opinion is that a good children’s multivitamin is often very helpful. For these I generally suggest Thorne brand or Children’s liquid Intramax by Drucker labs – please consult a practitioner prior to use. Dietary and Lifestyle Suggestions:
Although many of these suggestions are simple, I find that starting simply is often the best. Complicated products and too many supplements (in my opinion) can’t make up for clean air, activity, and healthy foods. I hope you have enjoyed reading this article, and that the richness of our herbal allies has shown once again that for mankind’s maladies, nature has supplied us with a remedy. In Health and Wellness, Petra References:
Fluids IQ is a private lab in Toronto which we use at the wellness centre. They test things such as gut permeability, inflammation, food sensitivities, candida, adrenal health, female and male hormones and so forth. Labs like this allow clients to do tests comfortably from home and mail specimens directly to the lab. With my up-coming talk at the Vancouver Health Show about raising immunity in children (February 2nd at 2pm - Vancouver convention centre), I thought that this article about the micro biome in infants was quite informative. I have copy and pasted it directly from Fluids IQ, along with the reference list. In recent years, the role that delivery method plays in the acquisition of a newborn’s gut microbiome has been an increasingly active topic1, 2. Vaginal and cesarean section deliveries have been previously shown to result in differences in the microbiome between the two in infancy, childhood and beyond.The exact role of a baby’s gut bacteria, however, is still unclear and it is not known if these differences at birth have any major effect on later health.
A new study-the largest ever of neonatal microbiomes - has been published through the ‘Baby Biome Study’3. It shows that the microbiome of vaginally delivered newborns does not come from the mother’s vaginal bacteria, as previously believed, but from the mother’s gut. This is due to the fact that during birth the newborn will come in contact with bacteria from the mother’s gut, in large part from contact with the mother fecal contents. In contrast, babies born through cesarean section have gut microbiomes that are predominantly colonized by bacteria representative of the hospital environment and more likely to have antimicrobial resistance. This recent large study used 1,679 samples of gut bacteria from nearly 600 healthy babies and 175 mothers. Fecal samples were taken from babies aged four, seven, or 21 days old, after vaginal or caesarean delivery. Some babies were also followed up later, up to one year of age.The differences in the microbiomes were largely evened out by one year old, although the authors note that large follow-up studies are needed to determine if the early differences influence later health outcomes. For the babies born via caesarean, the researchers isolated, grew, and sequenced the genomes of more than 800 potentially pathogenic bacteria, confirming that they were the same as strains causing a number of bloodstream infections. Although these bacteria don’t usually cause disease while in the gut, they can cause infections if they get into the wrong place, or if the immune system fails. In addition, most women having a cesarean are now offered antibiotics before the delivery, to help prevent the mother developing postoperative infections, meaning that the baby also receives a dose of antibiotics via the placenta. This could also cause some of the microbiome differences seen between the two birth methods. The authors of the ‘Baby Biome Study’ state that the first weeks of life are a critical window of development of the baby’s immune system, but that very little is known about it. A follow up to this study is needed, looking at these babies as they grow, to see if early differences in the microbiome lead to any health issues. This could help in understanding the role gut bacteria play in early life and could help in the development of therapeutics to create a healthy microbiome. References: 1. Dominguez-Bello, M. G. et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2010,107, 11971-11975. 2. Wampach, L. et al. Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immune-stimulatory potential. Nat. Commun2018, 9, 5091. 3. Shao, Y. et al. Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth. Nature 2019, 574, 117-121. As Seen in Home Herbalist Magazine - Fall 2019 Autumn perhaps my favorite season: colored leaves and crisp mornings that warm into sunny afternoons. Fall heralds change as long summer days leave us behind. At this time of year, I often look forward to warm root stews, spicy herbal drinks, apples crisp with freshness, and story-filled autumnal bonfires. For many of us, the luxury of fully enjoying the shifting season is interrupted by the commotion of our daily lives. This is a busy time at work or school, often spent indoors with coworkers and classmates, and as such, it is also the beginning of the flu and cold season due to increased exposure. With this being said, I could not think of a better question than the one that came to me from Arlene White from Issaquah, Washington, who writes: “I am a mother of four school-aged children. Starting in September, it seems as though everyone takes turns getting sick with the flu. Is there anything I can do naturally to help prevent it?” In my opinion yes, there are plenty of things that can be done naturally to prevent and shorten the duration of the flu. I imagine this question concerns many people following last year’s flu epidemic, but before I answer, allow me to state the following: I am not a Doctor, nor are any of the suggestions or recommendations I am about to make meant to be a substitute for advice from your MD, or as a substitute for any prescriptions you may be taking. Any suggestions followed will be the responsibility of the reader, and are stated with the intention of interest and education only. If you have a health issue, please see your primary care physician first and foremost. With that out of the way, let’s talk a little bit about the flu itself, what it is, how it affects the body, and how herbs, together with our immune system, can help prevent the flu and keep us healthy. The Flu – General Info: The influenza virus, also known as “the flu,” is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. In actuality, the flu has two designated types, these being type A (more aggressive), and type B (considered more mild), that cause the acute infection with which we are all rather well acquainted. Within these two types, there are many different strains (in some cases up to 200). These acute, systemic viral infections are considered seasonal, and since they are living viruses, they adapt to their environments and change each year, which is why, at times, treatments for the flu that worked one year might not work the next. This is because of the changes in the glycoproteins on the surface of the virus, which can change the variable intensity each year, or rather, a full genetic shift in the virus itself can take place. The most common complication of influenza is pneumonia. This can be viral pneumonia, in which the influenza virus itself spreads into the lungs, or bacterial pneumonia, in which unrelated bacteria attack a person’s weakened defenses. There are three main ways people catch influenza, which include:
Because of these three types of transmission, influenza can be transmitted very easily. As such, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that persons with influenza wear surgical masks in public to prevent transmission to susceptible individuals. Those most seriously impacted by the flu are the elderly, those with corresponding medical conditions, pregnant women, and the very young. Symptoms of the Flu: Symptoms of the flu can vary greatly, but generally an individual may experience some or all of the following:
Because most people are familiar with the symptoms of influenza, and because it occurs in epidemics, the illness is often correctly diagnosed by the person who has it, or by friends and family members, however, please visit your doctor if complications arise. Know When It’s an Emergency: Although the flu is common, it can still cause an emergency situation. Herbs are very powerful healers, but they may not be the best choice in an acute emergency situation. With that said, know the warning signs, and if any of the following signs are taking place, seek medical help right away. In Children:
Herbal Approach to the Flu: Perhaps the only good thing about the flu is that, in botanical medicine, we have a plethora of readily available herbs to choose from to help prevent and ease the severity of the flu. When seeing a client with the flu, I generally like to consider the following actions to assist the immune system, lessen symptoms, and help the body in quickly recovering from the viral infection. Actions such as immune stimulants, immune-modulators, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, adaptogenic, lymphatic, diaphoretic, antimicrobial, soothing expectorant, antispasmodic, broncho-dilators, vasodilators, lung tonics, gentle sedatives, demulcents, astringents, and anti-catarrh are all actions that are pertinent when attempting to ease the flu. However, with all of these fantastic herbal allies at our disposal, I believe that prevention is best. Though it is not always achieved, when we start planning ahead for the flu and cold season, we can give our immune systems additional assistance in combating this nasty seasonal virus. A great way to assist in prevention is to use herbs daily to bolster the immune system, but it’s also important to pair this with a healthy diet rich in nutritious, non-processed foods that are low in sugars. Additionally, I think a good daily multi-vitamin supplement (take care to read the labels, not all products are created equal), proper exercise, and exposure to the outdoors keep the immune system strong. Keep in mind, a chronically motionless body is a body that can stagnate and be more susceptible to illness. Early fall and early winter is a great time to start your preventative care regime. When suggesting a preventative protocol, I generally like to suggest the following herbal actions:
Elderberry/Elderflower: The berries are considered to be anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, and are specific for flus and colds. The flowers are considered to be a gentle stimulant, anti-inflammatory, and specific for bolstering the immune system. Echinacea: Considered to be a general tonic, immune modulator and immuno stimulant, gentle lymphatic, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-viral, detoxifier and by some a gentle bitter. Though it is often used to battle colds and flus, it is, in my opinion, best used before the onset of illness to bolster the immune system as a whole. Astragalus: Considered an adaptogenic herb, it is an antioxidant, immune stimulant, immuno modulator, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial herb. It is considered to be a warming tonic herb that stimulates the immune system and improves immune resistance and resistance to stressors. It can be used during colds and flus, however, do not use in the presence of a high fever. Nettle: Nettle is an herbal ally for so many different situations. When it comes to the flu or flu prevention, it is a tonic, antiseptic, blood tonic and cleanser, detoxifier, and is considered a nutritive due to its vitamin and mineral content. It strengthens and supports the whole body, but also acts gently upon the lymphatic system, immune system, the liver, and circulatory system, all of which support proper body function and elimination. Reishi: Considered a general tonic, adaptogen, immune stimulant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, detoxofier, and a gentle liver stimulant. It is regarded as a very safe herb that promotes full systemic well-being, and is specific in cases of infections and illness where the immune system may have been weakened. Thyme: A tonic and antioxidant, it is considered to be antiseptic, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and a gentle digestive. It is an herb that can be used for prevention, but also for acute infection. Thyme is excellent in cases of the flu, especially when upper respiratory infection is present. It is considered a stimulating tonic during illness, and is specific for cold and flu, not to mention it tastes amazing in a broth and is a great example of a powerful food herb. Goldenrod: Goldenrod is a beautiful looking herb with its golden crown of tiny soft flowers. In uses of prevention, it is an anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, antiseptic, and gentle liver stimulant. Generally, it is used for issues with the nose, throat and respiratory tract. Commonly, it is used in cases of sinus infection, and is specific to the flu. A wonderful thing about medicinal herbs is that some of our most tried and true allies are also delicious, and so, I could not in good conscience speak about herbs associated with flu prevention and not mention two of our most common food based herbs: onions and garlic. These are strong antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral herbs that can be used daily to help support the immune system and body as a whole; they can also be used during the acute stages of the flu. I find the most enjoyable way to do this is by means of a broth that can be taken three times daily. And so, as I leave you with this recipe, I send you many well wishes for the shifting of the seasons. In health and wellness, Petra Simple System Support Broth: Ingredients: - 1 container organic chicken or vegetable broth base (946ml) - 1 full bulb garlic cloves, peeled and cut in half - 2 large or 4 small onions, peeled and cut in quarters - 3 tablespoons dried thyme - ¼ teaspoon cayenne pepper (optional) Directions: Bring all ingredients to a very gentle simmer for 20 minutes. Let steep an additional 15 minutes off the heat, strain and save broth. Drink one cup warm broth three to four times daily, add salt or pepper to taste. Sit back and enjoy the changing of the season. References:
Often considered by some as a purely food-oriented herb, garlic has a generous history in medical Herbalism. Other than having its pungent taste and smell that some love and others hate, garlic is known for its anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and detoxifying properties. Found as far back as pre-medieval medical texts, there are recipes found where garlic has been used historically for serious maladies such as sepsis and other severe infections. Even the first female physician Hildegard von Bingen mentions its many uses in the 9th century. Garlic was widely used in ancient Sumer, and thus is considered to be one of the most ancient herbal medicines. Whether you love garlic, or hate it, this medicinal herb is a pungent and thorough healer. Family: Liliaceae Parts Used: Bulb (Fresh) Common Name: Garlic, Ajo, Allium Actions: Pungent Anti-Tumour Promotes Leucocytosis Antiseptic Anti-Microbial Antibiotic Anti-Bacterial Anti-Viral Anti-Fungal Anti-Parasitic Anthelmintic Hypoglycemic Anti-Diabetic Anti-Pyretic Diaphoretic Anti-Histaminic Expectorant Detoxifier Anti-Thrombotic Anti-Coagulant Vasodilator Hypotensive Hypolipidemic Fibrinolytic Anti-Cholesterol Anti-Antherosclerosis Cholagogue Aphrodisiac Antispasmodic Amoebicidal Chemical Constituents: Enzymes (allinase) Volatile Oils (over 14 sulfur containing components including alliin, citral, geraniol, linalool, and phellandrene) Nutrients (Vitamin B and Minerals) Fiber Carbohydrates Proteins Amino Acids (Arginine, Glutamic Acid, Asparagic Acid, Methionine, and Threonin) Lipids Prostaglandins What Are Its Uses?Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose, and Throat:
Integumentary System (Skin):
Mental Health:
Nervous System:
Respiratory System:
Digestive System:
Urinary/Renal System:
Endocrine System (Hormones):
Reproductive System:
Musculoskeletal System:
Specific Diseases/States/Infections/Viruses/Bacteria:
Combinations:
Safety and Concerns:
References:
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Petra Sovcov is not a Medical Doctor (MD) nor a Naturopath (ND), she is a Clinical Herbal Therapist (CHT) and holds a Doctorate in Natural Medicine (DNM). The suggestions or recommendations made on this site are not meant to be a substitute for advice from your MD, or as a substitute for any prescriptions you may be taking. Suggestions followed will be the responsibility of the reader, and are stated with the intention of interest and education only. If you have a health issue, please see your primary care physician (MD) first and foremost. Categories
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